What is the function of a credential in an access control system?

In an access control system, the function of a credential is to determine authorized personnel. Credentials can be in various forms, such as passwords, smart cards, biometrics, or any other method that can authenticate an individual’s identity. When an individual presents their credential to the access control system, the system verifies the validity of that credential against a database or a set of policies to establish whether the person is permitted to access certain resources or areas.

This function is crucial for maintaining security, as it ensures that only those with the proper authorization can gain access, thereby protecting sensitive information and secure locations from unauthorized users. The ability to accurately establish who is authorized prevents potential security breaches and enhances overall safety within an organization.

The other options describe functions that are not directly related to the primary purpose of a credential in an access control system. Initiating alarms relates to security monitoring, logging incidents pertains to tracking activities within a system, and providing electrical power is not relevant to access credentials. Thus, the primary role of a credential is indeed centered on validating identity and determining authorization levels.